Cognitive Remediation Journal 2020, 9(3):9-19 | DOI: 10.5507/crj.2020.003

Core beliefs – Schemas and Coping Styles in Addictions

Knapík P.1, Slancová K.1
1 Odborný liečebný ústav psychiatrický, n.o. Predná Hora

In our work we focused on the issue of core beliefs – schemas and coping styles in addict patients according to J. Young’s model. We analyzed the relationship of early maladaptive schemas and coping styles of avoidance and overcompensation. We also examined the differences in the intensity of schemas in terms of gender and type of addiction and we were researching schemas with the highest overall scores in our clinical sample of patients with different addictions. We confirmed that early maladaptive schemas are in positive relationship with coping styles of avoidance and overcompensation. We also found out that there are schemas that prove to be dominant in the group of addict patients (schemas of self-sacrifice, hypercriticalness, and punitiveness). The differences in the intensity of the schemas relative to gender were found in only two domains, namely in the domain of impaired autonomy and performance and the domain of other-directedness. We did not find any differences in the schema intensity due to the type of addiction.

Keywords: Core beliefs, schemas, coping styles, addiction

Published: May 12, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Knapík P, Slancová K. Core beliefs – Schemas and Coping Styles in Addictions. Cogn. Remediat. J. 2020;9(3):9-19. doi: 10.5507/crj.2020.003.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Afifi, T. O. - Henriksen, C. A. - Asmundson, G. J. - Sareen, J. 2012. Childhood maltreatment and substance use disorders among men and women in a nationally representative sample. In Canadian Yournal of Psychiatry [online]. 2012, 57(11), 677. Dostupné na internete: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/070674371205701105 Go to original source...
    2. Ball, S. A. Manualized treatment for substance abusers with personality disorders: Dual focus schema therapy. In Addict Behaviors. 1998, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 883-891. Go to original source...
    3. Ball, S. A. Comparing individual therapies for personality disordered opioid dependent patients. In Journal of Personality Disorders. [online]. 2007, Vol. 21(3), 305-321. Dostupné na internete: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/52cc/d45c5b046c01a0c1ccd0cfd1188b3feee080.pdf Go to original source...
    4. Ball, S. A., Cecero J. J. Addicted patients with personality disorders: Traits, schemas, and presenting problems. In Journal of Personality Disorders. 2001, Vol.15:72-83. Go to original source...
    5. Bayrami, M. - Bakhshipor, A.- Esmaeili, A. The relationship between coping styles and early maladaptive schemas in disconnection-rejection and over vigilance - inhibition in young´s schema model. . In Journal of Life Science and Biomedicie. [online]. 2012, Vol. 4(6): 178-181. Dostupné na internete: http://jlsb.science-line.com/attachments/article/16/JLSB-%202012-%20B34,%20178-181.pdf
    6. Blazer, D. G. II. Mood disorders epidemiology. In Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V.A., editors. Kaplan and Sadock´s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 7. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins; 2000. Pp. 1298-1308.
    7. Bolen, R. M. - Scannapieco, M. Prevalence of child sexual abuse: A corrective meta-analysis. Social Service Review. 1999; 73:281-313. Go to original source...
    8. Bonn-Miller, M. O. - Vujanovic, A. A.- Feldner, M. T., Bernstein, A.- Zvolensky, M. J. Postraumatic stress symptom severity predicts marijuana use coping motive among traumatic event-exposed marijuana users. In Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2007, Vol. 20(4), 577-586. Go to original source...
    9. Brotchie J. - Meyer C. - Copello A. - Kidney R. - Waller G. Cognitive representations in alcohol and opiate abuse: The role of core beliefs. In British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2004, Vol. 43:337-342. Go to original source...
    10. Brotchie J. - Hanes J. - Wendon P. - Waller G. Emotional avoidance among alcohol and opiate abusers: The role of schema-level cognitive processes. In Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2007, Vol. 35:231-236. Go to original source...
    11. Cockram, D. M. - Drummond, P. D. - Lee, C. W. Role and treatment of early maladaptive schemas in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. In Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2010, Vol. 17:165-182. Go to original source...
    12. De Bellis, M. D. Developmental traumatology: a contributory mechanism for alcohol and substance use disorders. In Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2002, Vol. 27(1), 155-170. Go to original source...
    13. Farrell, J. M. - Shaw, I. A. - Webber, M. A. A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. In Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry [online]. 2009, Vol. 40(2), 317-328. Dostupné na internete: http://ritayounan.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/STGROUP4BPD.pdf Go to original source...
    14. Foster, J. H. - Peters, T. J. - Marshall, E. J. Quality of life measures and outcome in alcohol-dependent men and women. Alcohol. 2000; 22:45-52. Dostupné na internete: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11109027 Go to original source...
    15. Giesen-Bloo, J. et al. Outpatient Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Randomized Trial of Schema-Focused Therapy vs Transference-Focused Psychotherapy. In Arch Gen Psychiatry [online]. 2006, 63:649-658. Dostupné na internete: file:///C:/Users/peto/Desktop/Odborne%20%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky/schema%20therapy%20vs%20transfer.pdf Go to original source...
    16. Greenberger, D. - Padesky, Ch. A. Mind Over Mood. New York: Guilford. 1995. 276s. ISBN 100898628210
    17. Hawkins, J. D. - Catalano, R. F. - Miller, J. Y. Risk protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological bulletin [online]. 1992, Vol. 112(1), 64. Dostupné internete: https://cre8tiveyouthink.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/social-developmental-prevention-and-yd.pdf Go to original source...
    18. Kersten, T. Schema therapy for personality disorders and addiction. In The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of Schema Therapy: Theory, research and practice [online]. 2012, 415-424. Dostupné na internete: https://books.google.sk/books?hl=sk&lr=&id=toWkFTmSs24C&oi=fnd&pg=PA415&dq=Schema+therapy+for+personality+disorders+and+addiction.&ots=v40onxZlNu&sig=_CUfgkMNM9aA0-7w3HvX4kwG-xs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Schema%20therapy%20for%20personality%20disorders%20and%20addiction.&f=false
    19. Khantzian, E. J. Self-regulation and self-medication factors in alcoholism and the addictions. Similarities and differences. Recent development in alcoholism: an official publications of American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism [online]. 1989, Vol. 8, 255-271: Dostupné na internete: http://icpla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Khantzian-E.J.-The-Self-Regulation-and-Self-Medication-Factor.pdf
    20. Kordačová J. Emočné schémy - nová téma v kognitívnej psychológií, alebo výzva pre pozitívnu psychológiu? In Ruisel, I. - Prokopčaková, A. Kognitívny portrét človeka. Bratislava: Slovak Academic Press, 2010. s. 236-268. ISBN 9788088910299
    21. Linehan, M. M. et al. Dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and drug-dependence. In American Journal on Addictions. 1999, Vol. 8(4), 279-292 Go to original source...
    22. Min, M. - Farkas, K. - Minnes, S. - Singer, L. T. Impact of childhood abuse and neglect on substance abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. In Journal of traumatic stress. 2007, 833-844. Go to original source...
    23. Moitra E. - Anderson B. J. - Stein M. D. Perceived Stress and Substance Use in Methadone-Maintained Smokers. In Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Dec 1; 133(2): Dostupné na internete: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3827679/ Go to original source...
    24. Olsson, K. L. - Cooper, R. L. - Nugent, W. R. - Reid, R. C. Addressing negative affect in substance use relapse prevention. In Yournal of Human Behavior in the Social Enviroment. 2016, Vol. 26(1), 2-14 Go to original source...
    25. Riso L. P. - Froman, S. E. - Raouf, M. - Gable, P. - Maddux, R. E. - Turini-Santorelli, N. - Penna, S. - Blandino, J. A. - Jacobs, CH. - Cherry, M. The long-term stability of early maladaptive schemas. In Cognitive Therapy and Research [online]. 2006, Vol.30:515-529. Dostupné na internete: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lawrence_Riso/publication/227328086_The_Long-Term_Stability_of_Early_Maladaptive_Schemas/links/0deec517fc08e09155000000.pdf Go to original source...
    26. Roper, L. - Dickson, J. M. - Tinwell C. - Booth, P. G. -McGuire, J. Maladaptive cognitive schemas in alcohol dependence program. In cognitive Therapy and Research. 2010, Vol. 34:207-215 Go to original source...
    27. Shorey, R. C. - Anderson, S. - Stuart, G. L. Early maladaptive schemas in - substance use patients and their intimate partners: A preliminary investigation. In Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment [online]. 2011, Vol. 10:169-179. Dostupné na internete: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3382969/ Go to original source...
    28. Shorey, R. C. - Anderson, S. - Stuart, G. L. Gender differences in early maladaptive schemas in treatment seeking sample of alcohol dependent adults. In Substance Use & Misuse [online]. 2012, Vol. 47:108-116. Dostupné na internete: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3382082/ Go to original source...
    29. Shorey, R. C. - Stuart, G. L. - Anderson, S. The early maladaptive schemas of an opioid-dependent sample of treatment seeking young adults: A descriptive investigation. In Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment [online]. 2012, Vol. 42:271-278. Dostupné na internete: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265617/ Go to original source...
    30. Straver, F. R. A theoretical Model of Substance Use Based on Schema Therapy Concepts: Master thesis, Utrecht University [online]. 2017. Dostupné na internete: https://scholar.google.sk/scholar?q=A+Theoretical+Model+of+Substance+Use+Based+on+Schema+Therapy+Concepts&hl=sk&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinpZDP6ufZAhViSZoKHesjCWEQgQMIJTAA
    31. Ullman, S. E. - Relyea, M. - Peter-Hagene, L. - Vasquez, A. L. Trauma histories, substance use coping, PTSD, and problem substance use among sexual victims. In Addictive behaviors [online]. 2013, Vol. 38(6), 2219-2223. Dostupné na internete: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622163/ Go to original source...
    32. Van den Bosch, L. M. C., Verheul, R., Schnippers, G. M., van den Brink, W. Borderline personality disorder, substance abuse, and dialectical behavior therapy. In Addictive Behaviours [online]. 2002; 27(6): 911-923. Dostupné na internete: https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/3466371/31205_Thesis.pdf Go to original source...
    33. Verheul, R. - van den Brink, W. - Hartgers, C. Prevalence of personality disorders among alcoholics and drug addicts: An overview. In Europan Addiction Research 1995, Vol. 1, 166-177 Go to original source...
    34. Waller, G. - Meyer, C. - Ohanian, V. Psychometric properties of the long and short versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire: Core beliefs among bulimic and comparison women. In Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2001, Vol. 19:137-147. Go to original source...
    35. Witkiewitz, K. - Villarroel, N. A. Dynamic association between negativne affect and alcohol lapses following alcohol treatment. In Journal of consultinf and clinical psychology [online]. 2009, Vol. 77(4), 633. Dostupné na internete: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911993/ Go to original source...
    36. Young, J. E - Klosko, J. - Weishaar, M. E. Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. New York: Guilford Press. 2003. 436s. ISBN 9781593853723
    37. Young, J. E. - Lindemann, M. D. An integrative schema-focused model for personality disorders. In Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1992, Vol. 6:11-23. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content